What command should you use to verify if an EC2 instance has assumed its monitoring role?

To determine if an EC2 instance has assumed its monitoring role, the correct command involves querying the EC2 instance metadata service. This service provides relevant information about the instance, including its IAM permissions and roles.

Using the command that retrieves data from the route http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/info specifically returns details about the IAM roles associated with the instance. More importantly, it confirms whether the instance has an associated IAM role and provides information about the permissions granted to that role. This is crucial for monitoring purposes because the presence of the correct IAM role is necessary for the instance to leverage AWS services like CloudWatch or access S3 buckets for logging and monitoring metrics.

The other choices do not directly provide the necessary information regarding IAM roles. For instance, querying http://localhost/latest/meta-data/iam/info is directed at the local interface, which isn't accessible in the same context as the metadata endpoint. Similarly, the user-data endpoint and security-groups metadata supply different types of information that do not pertain to IAM role verification. Hence, the chosen command effectively meets the requirement for verifying if an EC2 instance has assumed its monitoring role.